Science GCSE Exams Explained

Dec 08, 2022

At the end of Y11, students are required to sit 6 science exams in total. This
article explains how the exams are broken down. Topics can be found at the
bottom of the article.
There is a slight difference in exams depending on if the students have
progressed through the combined curricula (sometimes called double science) or
separate science curricula (sometimes called triple science).


Combined science: Students have the choice of studying combined or separate
sciences. Students that study combined science, study the three sciences and
get a combined grade of 2 GCSEs. Students progressing through the combined
curricula will sit 6 exams in total. Each exam is 1 hour and 15 min long and has a
maximum of 70 marks. You can find a link to my blog where I explain how to
download past papers HERE. Students may sit foundation or a higher paper
depending on the teacher’s judgment of how the student has done over the last
year and mocks. Teachers may think it is best for the student to sit a foundation
paper. The highest score a student can achieve is a level 5 on a foundation paper. A foundation paper
is still 1 hour and 15 min (same as higher).  However, if the teacher thinks you
can achieve 5 or higher, they may enter the student for a higher paper. A
student that sits higher paper can achieve a level 5-9. However, there is a risk
in taking the higher paper as you can fail this paper if you receive a 4 or lower grade.
If the students fail, they walk away with no grade in science. Teachers will
never gamble with students’ futures and prefer to enter students for a foundation paper
if they think students cannot achieve 5 or higher.
Students that sit higher, will be tested for the most part the same topics.
However, there are some additional topics in the higher paper and the questions
are of higher demand compared to the foundation paper (more extended writing in the
higher and more multiple choice in the foundation paper).


Separate science: Students progressing through the separate science curricula
will also sit 6 exams in total. Two papers for each subject. Each paper is worth
50% of a GCSE (eg Biology paper 1 is worth 50% of the Biology GCSE and
paper 2 is worth the other 50%)
Separate science students study everything in the combined curricula and in
addition study a few more topics on top of that. Therefore they will sit a longer exam
which will last 1 hour and 45 min. The paper has a maximum of 100 marks. There
is a higher and a foundation paper for separate sciences. However, students
that have chosen separate sciences usually sit higher paper. If students' grade slip,

it is advised that they sit combined science higher paper, rather than a
foundation paper in separate sciences. This is because some colleges prefer 2
good grades in combined science than 3 ok grades in separate sciences.


Feel free to contact us if you would like to join our classes or would like some
tutoring sessions. You can contact us HERE.


Here is the breakdown of the exams:


Separate science 1 hour and 45 min
Combined science 1 hour 15 min
- Biology paper 1 and Paper 2
- Chemistry paper 1 and 2
- Physics paper 1 and 2
You can find AQAs breakdown HERE


Please find the topics below for Biology, Chemistry and Physics (combined
and separate)

Biology paper 1


Cell Biology
- Animal and plant cells
- Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
- Cell specialisation and differentiation
- Microscopy
- Cell culture (Separate science only: binary fission, aseptic technique)
- Cell division
- Transport in cells


Organisation
- Organisation principles
- The human digestive system
- The heart and blood vessels
- Non-communicable disease (heart disease)
- Health issues
- Lifestyle effects of some non-communicable diseases
- Cancer
- Plant tissues

- Organ system of plants


Infection and response
- Communicable (infectious) diseases
- Viral diseases
- Bacterial diseases
- Fungal diseases
- Protist diseases
- Human defense systems
- Vaccination
- Antibiotics and painkillers
- Discovery and development of drugs
- Monoclonal antibodies (separate science only)
- Plant disease (separate science only)


Bioenergetics
- Photosynthesis reaction
- Rate of photosynthesis
- Glucose use from photosynthesis
- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Response to exercise
- Metabolism

Biology paper 2
Homeostasis and response
- Structure and function of the human nervous system
- The brain
- The eye
- Body temperature control
- Hormonal coordination in humans
- Maintaining water and nitrogen balance in the body
- Hormones in human reproduction
- Contraception
- Infertility
- Plant hormones (Separate science only


Inheritance, variation, and evolution
- Sexual and asexual reproduction (a mixture or separate and combine
science)
- Meiosis cell division

- DNA structure and genome definition (a mixture or separate and
combine science)
- Genetic inheritance
- Inherited disorders
- Sex determination
- Variation and evolution (a mixture or separate and combine science)
- Selective breeding
- Genetic engineering
- Cloning
- Understanding genetics
- Fossils
- Extinction
- Resistant bacteria
- Living organism classification


Ecology

- Communities within ecosystems
- Changes in ecosystems
- Ecosystem adaptations
- Organisation within ecosystems (a mixture or separate and
combine science)
- How materials are cycled
- Decomposition (science separate only)
- Impact of environmental change
- Biodiversity
- Waste management
- Land use
- Deforestation
- Global warming
- Maintaining biodiversity
- Pyramids of biomass (science separate only)
- Food security (science separate only)
- Farming techniques
- Sustainable fisheries
- Biotechnology

Chemistry Paper 1
Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Topics
 Atoms, elements, and compounds

 Mixtures
 The model of the atom
 Electrical charges of particles
 Size and mass of atoms
 Atomic mass
 Electronic structure
 The periodic table and its groups
 Metals and non-metals
 Properties of elements
 Properties of transition metals (Separate science only)
 
Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter Topics
 Chemical bonds
 Ionic bonding
 Covalent bonding
 Metallic bonding
 The three states of matter and their symbols
 Properties of ionic compounds
 Properties of small molecules
 Polymers
 Giant covalent structures
 Properties of metals and alloys
 Metals as conductors
 Structure and bonding of carbon
 Sizes of particles and their properties
 Uses of nanoparticles
 Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles
(separate only)


Quantitative Chemistry Topics
 Conservation of mass and balanced chemical equations
 Relative formula mass
 Mass changes
 Chemical measurements and amounts
 Limiting reactants
 Concentration of solutions (separate only)
 Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions (separate only)
 Use of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases (separate
only)

Chemical Changes Topics

 Reactivity of metals
 Extraction of metals and reduction
 Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons
 Reactions of acids with metals
 Neutralisation of acids and salt production
 Soluble salts
 The pH scale and neutralisation
 Titrations
 Strong and weak acids
 Electrolysis


Chemistry Paper 2
Energy Changes Topics
 Exothermic and endothermic reactions
 Reaction profiles
 The energy change of reactions
 Chemical cells and fuel cells (separate only)


The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change Topics
 Calculating rates of reactions
 Factors that affect the rates of chemical reactions
 Collision theory and activation energy
 Catalysts
 Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium


Organic Chemistry Topics
 Crude oil, hydrocarbons, and alkanes
 Fractional distillation
 Properties of hydrocarbons
 Cracking and alkenes
 Structure and formulae of alkenes
 Reactions of alkenes (separate only)
 Alcohols (separate only)
 Carboxylic acids
 Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers


Chemical Analysis Topics
 Pure substances
 Formulations
 Chromatography
 Identification of common gases
 Identification of ions (separate only)

Chemistry of the Atmosphere Topics
 The composition and evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere
 Greenhouse gases and global climate change
 Carbon footprint
 Atmospheric pollutants


Using Resources
 Sustainable development
 Potable water
 Wastewater treatment
 Life cycle assessment
 Using materials (separate only)
 Recycling
 The Haber process (separate only)


Physics Paper 1
Energy
 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and
after such changes
 Conservation and dissipation of energy
 National and global energy resources


Electricity
 Current, potential difference, and resistance
 Series and parallel circuits
 Domestic uses and safety
 Energy transfers
 Static electricity (separate only)


Particle model of matter
 Changes of state and the particle model
 internal energy and energy transfers
 Particle model and pressure (mixture of separate and combined)


Atomic structure
 Atoms and isotopes
 Atoms and nuclear radiation
 Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background
radiation (separate only)

Physics paper 2
Forces
 Forces and their interactions

 Work done and energy
 Forces and elasticity
 Moments, levers, and gears (separate only)
 Pressure and pressure differences in fluid (separate only)
 Forces and motion (mixture of separate and combined)
 Momentum (mixture of separate and combined)


Waves
 Waves in air, fluids, and solids (mixture of separate and combined)
 Electromagnetic waves (mixture of separate and combined)


Magnetism and electromagnetism
 Permanent and induced magnetism, magnetic forces, and fields
 The motor effect (mixture of separate and combined)
 Induced potential, transformers, and the National Grid (a mixture of
separate and combined)


Space physics (separate only)
 solar system; stability of orbital motions; satellites
 Red-shift